A soil absorption field is a generic term for a final treatment and dispersal component. It is also known as a drainfield, a soil treatment area, and a leach field. They contain beds or trenches and can be gravity-fed or pressure-dosed. They include a variety of different technologies that distribute the wastewater into a variety of different medias.
Related Resources:
Operation and Maintenance Checklist: Gravity Distribution
Septic Tank/Soil Absorption Field (and in Spanish)